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2019年下半年 上午试卷 综合知识
第 71 题
知识点 HTML   JSON   ping   XML  
章/节 专业英语  
 
 
You are developing a server-side enterprise application.It must support a variety of different clients including desktop browsers, mobile browsers and native mobile applications.The application might also expose an API for 3rd parties to consume.It might also(71)with other applications via either web services or a message broker.The application handles requests (HTTP requests and messages) by executing business logic; accessing a database; exchanging messages with other systems; and returning a HTML/JSON/XML(72).There are logical components corresponding to different functional areas of the application.
What’s the application’s deployment architecture?
Define an architecture that structures the application as a set of (73) ,collaborating services.This approach corresponds to the Y-axis of the Scale Cube. Each service is:
·Highly maintainable and testable - enables rapid and frequent development and deployment ·Loosely coupled with other services - enables a team to work independently the majority of time on their service(s) without being impacted by changes to other services and without affecting other services
·(74)deployable - enables a team to deploy their service without having to coordinate with other teams
·Capable of being developed by a small team ?essential for high productivity by avoiding the high communication head of large teams
Services(75)using either synchronous protocols such as HTTP/REST or asynchronous protocols such as AMQP.Services can be developed and deployed independently of one another.Each service has its own database in order to be decoupled from other services.Data consistency between services is maintained using some particular pattern.
 
  A.  integrate
 
  B.  coordinate
 
  C.  cooperate
 
  D.  communicate
 
 




 
 
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知识点讲解
· HTML
· JSON
· ping
· XML
 
        HTML
        HTML即超文本标记语言(Hypertext Markup Language),是用于描述网页文档的一种标记语言。HTML是组织多媒体文档的重要语言,它不仅可以用来编写Web网页,还可以用来制作光盘上的多媒体节目。HTML可以用来编排文档、创建列表、建立链接、插入声音和视频。
        ①HTML简介。
        万维网(Web)是一个信息资源网络,它之所以能够使这些信息资源为广大用户所利用,主要依靠以下三个基本技术。
        . 指定网上信息资源地址的统一命名方法:URL(Uniform Resource Locator)。
        . 存取资源的协议:超文本传送协议(Hypertext Transfer Protocol, HTTP)。
        . 在资源之间很容易浏览的超文本链接技术:源于HyperText的HyperLink。
        为了出版可在全球发行的信息,人们需要一种所有计算机都能理解的出版语言,这就是HTML语言。HTML可用于以下方面。
        . 出版联网文档,这种文档包含标题、文字、表格、列表、图像以及声音和视频文件等。
        . 通过超文本链接可以检索和阅读联网信息。
        . 设计交易单(FORM/form)。这是一种用来从读者处收集信息的Web文档,可以与远程服务单位进行交易,例如查找信息以预约旅馆的房间、订购产品等。多数交易单至少有一个可供输入文本数据(例如名字或者搜索关键字)的文本域。很多较为精致复杂的表单还包括用于切换选项的复选框、从几个选项中选择其一的单选按钮和执行任务(例如提交表单)的按钮。
        ②HTML的基本概念。
        一个HTML文档通常由文档头(head)、文档名称(title)、表格(table)、段落(paragraph)和列表((list)等成分构成,它们是文本文档的基本构件,并且使用HTML规定的标签(tag)标识这些元素。
        HTML标签由三部分组成:左尖括号(<)、“标签名称”和右尖括号(>)。标签通常是成对出现的,左尖括号表示开始的开始标签(start tag),右尖括号表示结束的结束标签(end tag)。例如,

分别表示一级标题的开始标签和结束标签,H1是一级标签的名称。除了在结束标签名称前面加一个斜杠符号(/)之外,开始标签的名称和结束标签的名称都是相同的。
        某些元素还可以包含属性(attribute)。属性指背景颜色、字体属性(大小、颜色、正体、斜体等)、对齐方式等,它是包含在开始标签中的附加信息。例如,

表示这段文字是居中对齐的。同样可以指定图像的对齐属性(如图像在顶部、底部或中间)。

        注意,HTML标签名称中的字母不区分大小写。例如,与<TITLE>或者<TiTlE>都是等效的。此外,Web浏览器不一定支持所有HTML标签。如果一个浏览器遇到它不认识的标签,那么它就不予理睬,但在这对标签之间的文本仍然会显示在计算机屏幕上。 </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">        ③HTML文档的结构。 </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">        HTML文挡是一种没有格式的文档,也称ASCII文件。因此,HTML文档可以使用任何一种文本编辑器进行编写。例如,Windows系统中的记事本(Notepad)、写字板(Wordpad),当然也可以使用字处理软件,例如微软公司的Word等。 </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">        每个HTML文档都是由标签<HTML>开始、以标签</HTML>结束的。每个HTML文档都分成两个组成部分:文档头(head)和正文(body),并分别用<HEAD>…</HEAD>和<BODY>…</BODY>进行标记。文档头标签<HEAD>…</HEAD>之间所包含的内容是文档的名称(title)。 </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">        下图是利用记事本编写的一个简单的HTML示例代码,将其保存后,利用IE浏览器打开后的效果如下图所示。 </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">        <a href="http://www.rkpass.cn/ruankao_work_version_0103/content_image/9/9787302532279_0063_0037.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="" width="205.53" height="84.89" src="http://www.rkpass.cn/ruankao_work_version_0103/content_image/9/9787302532279_0063_0037.jpg" /></a> </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">        HTML的编辑及效果图 </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="100%" align="center" colspan="" height="30" bgcolor=""></td> </tr> </table> <!--一个完整知识点的区域 结束--> </td> </tr> </table> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="#ffffff" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" > <tr> <td width="100%" height="13" bgcolor="#f8f8f8" align="center"><span id="mao_zsd_202106031228427864781"> </span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="100%" align="center"> <!--一个完整知识点的区域 开始--> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" > <tr> <td width="100%" align="center" colspan="" height="" bgcolor=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style=" BACKGROUND: #ffffff; RIGHT: 0px; TOP: 0px; left: 0px;POSITION: relative; HEIGHT: 32px;" > <tr> <td width="100%" align="left" colspan="2" height="30"></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="100%" colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" > <tr> <td align="center" valign="" width="100%"> <table width="96%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="search_kemu"> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="" width="100%" height="6"> <span class="word_title_v2_blue">        JSON</span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" valign="" width="100%" height="10"></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" valign="" width="100%" height="1" bgcolor="#e4e4e4"></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" valign="" width="100%" height="6"></td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_title_v2">                JSON概述 </span> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">               JSON(JavaScript Object Notation)是一种轻量级的数据交换格式,是基于JavaScript的一个子集,采用完全独立于编程语言的文本格式来存储和表示数据。JSON将JavaScript对象中表示的一组数据转换为字符串,可以在函数之间轻松地传递这个字符串,或者在异步应用程序中将字符串从Web客户机传递给服务器端程序。JSON具有简洁和清晰的层次结构,易于阅读和编写,同时也易于机器解析和生成,并有效地提升网络传输效率。JSON文件的文件类型是".JSON",MIME类型是"application/JSON"。 </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_title_v2">                JSON语法规则 </span> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">               在JavaScript语言中,一切都是对象。因此,任何支持的类型都可以通过JSON来表示,例如字符串、数字、对象、数组等。但是对象和数组是比较特殊且常用的两种类型。 </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">               JSON语法有以下几个特点: </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">               .数据表示为名称和键值对。 </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">               .数据由逗号分隔。 </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">               .花括号保存对象。 </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">               .方括号保存数组。 </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">               (1)JSON名称/键值对。JSON数据的书写格式是:名称/键值对。包括字段名称(在双引号中),后面写一个冒号,然后是值。例如: </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">               <a href="http://www.rkpass.cn/ruankao_work_version_0103/content_image/21/9787302534426_0378_0247.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="" width="289.77" height="15.34" src="http://www.rkpass.cn/ruankao_work_version_0103/content_image/21/9787302534426_0378_0247.jpg" /></a> </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">               等价于JavaScript语句: </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">               <a href="http://www.rkpass.cn/ruankao_work_version_0103/content_image/21/9787302534426_0379_0248.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="" width="298.22" height="10.66" src="http://www.rkpass.cn/ruankao_work_version_0103/content_image/21/9787302534426_0379_0248.jpg" /></a> </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">               (2)JSON值。 </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">               JSON值是: </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">               .数字(整数或浮点数)。 </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">               .字符串(在双引号中)。 </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">               .逻辑值(true或false,注意是小写)。 </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">               .对象(在大括号{}中)。 </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">               例如: </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">               <a href="http://www.rkpass.cn/ruankao_work_version_0103/content_image/21/9787302534426_0379_0249.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="" width="287.56" height="16.64" src="http://www.rkpass.cn/ruankao_work_version_0103/content_image/21/9787302534426_0379_0249.jpg" /></a> </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">               .数组(包括在中括号[]中)。 </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">               例如: </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">               <a href="http://www.rkpass.cn/ruankao_work_version_0103/content_image/21/9787302534426_0379_0250.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="" width="294.71" height="34.58" src="http://www.rkpass.cn/ruankao_work_version_0103/content_image/21/9787302534426_0379_0250.jpg" /></a> </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">               .Null(空值)。 </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">               (3)JSON.parse()。JSON通常用于与服务端交换数据。在接收服务器数据时一般是字符串,可以使用JSON.parse()方法将数据转换为JavaScript对象。 </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">               基本语法: </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">               <a href="http://www.rkpass.cn/ruankao_work_version_0103/content_image/21/9787302534426_0379_0251.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="" width="293.02" height="11.57" src="http://www.rkpass.cn/ruankao_work_version_0103/content_image/21/9787302534426_0379_0251.jpg" /></a> </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">               语法说明:text是一个有效的JSON字符串。reviver可选,一个转换结果的函数,将为对象的每个成员调用此函数。 </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">               (4)JSON.stringify()。是将一个JavaScript值(对象或者数组)转换为一个JSON字符串。 </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">               基本语法: </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">               <a href="http://www.rkpass.cn/ruankao_work_version_0103/content_image/21/9787302534426_0379_0252.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="" width="289.38" height="13.91" src="http://www.rkpass.cn/ruankao_work_version_0103/content_image/21/9787302534426_0379_0252.jpg" /></a> </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">               语法说明:value是要转换的JavaScript值(通常为对象或数组)。replacer可选,用于转换结果的函数或数组,replacer为函数,则JSON.stringify将调用该函数,并传入每个成员的键和值;如果replacer是一个数组,则仅转换该数组中具有键值的成员。space可选,文本添加缩进、空格和换行符,如果space是一个数字,则返回值文本在每个级别缩进指定数目的空格,如果space大于10,则文本缩进10个空格。 </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_title_v2">                JSON的应用 </span> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">               JSON最常见的用法之一是从Web服务器上读取JSON数据(作为文件或作为HttpRequest),将JSON数据转换为JavaScript对象,然后在网页中使用该数据。 </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">               由于JSON语法是JavaScript语法的子集,JavaScript通过eval()函数可用于将JSON文本转换为JavaScript对象。eval()函数使用的是JavaScript编译器,可解析JSON文本,然后生成JavaScript对象。 </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">               eval()函数的用法: </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">               <a href="http://www.rkpass.cn/ruankao_work_version_0103/content_image/21/9787302534426_0380_0253.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="" width="289.38" height="13.13" src="http://www.rkpass.cn/ruankao_work_version_0103/content_image/21/9787302534426_0380_0253.jpg" /></a> </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">               其中,txt是Son文本。 </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="100%" align="center" colspan="" height="30" bgcolor=""></td> </tr> </table> <!--一个完整知识点的区域 结束--> </td> </tr> </table> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="#ffffff" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" > <tr> <td width="100%" height="13" bgcolor="#f8f8f8" align="center"><span id="mao_zsd_201912290830260316212"> </span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="100%" align="center"> <!--一个完整知识点的区域 开始--> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" > <tr> <td width="100%" align="center" colspan="" height="" bgcolor=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style=" BACKGROUND: #ffffff; RIGHT: 0px; TOP: 0px; left: 0px;POSITION: relative; HEIGHT: 32px;" > <tr> <td width="100%" align="left" colspan="2" height="30"></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="100%" colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" > <tr> <td align="center" valign="" width="100%"> <table width="96%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="search_kemu"> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="" width="100%" height="6"> <span class="word_title_v2_blue">        ping</span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" valign="" width="100%" height="10"></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" valign="" width="100%" height="1" bgcolor="#e4e4e4"></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" valign="" width="100%" height="6"></td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">        ping通过发送"Internet控制报文协议(ICMP)"回送请求/应答报文来验证与另一台TCP/IP计算机的IP级连接。回送请求/应答报文的接收情况将和往返过程的次数一起显示出来。ping是用于检测网络连接性、可到达性和名称解析的疑难问题的主要TCP/IP命令。如果不带参数,ping将显示帮助。 </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">        1)语法格式 </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">        <a href="http://www.rkpass.cn/ruankao_work_version_0103/content_image/1/9787302506942_0344_0264.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="" width="215.8" height="15.21" src="http://www.rkpass.cn/ruankao_work_version_0103/content_image/1/9787302506942_0344_0264.jpg" /></a> </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">        2)参数说明 </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">        参数如下表所示。 </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">        <a href="http://www.rkpass.cn/ruankao_work_version_0103/content_image/1/9787302506942_0344_0265.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="" width="225.16" height="143.0" src="http://www.rkpass.cn/ruankao_work_version_0103/content_image/1/9787302506942_0344_0265.jpg" /></a> </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">        ping的选项 </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">        <a href="http://www.rkpass.cn/ruankao_work_version_0103/content_image/1/9787302506942_0345_0266.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="" width="224.9" height="47.45" src="http://www.rkpass.cn/ruankao_work_version_0103/content_image/1/9787302506942_0345_0266.jpg" /></a> </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="100%" align="center" colspan="" height="30" bgcolor=""></td> </tr> </table> <!--一个完整知识点的区域 结束--> </td> </tr> </table> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="#ffffff" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" > <tr> <td width="100%" height="13" bgcolor="#f8f8f8" align="center"><span id="mao_zsd_201912290934076185921"> </span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="100%" align="center"> <!--一个完整知识点的区域 开始--> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" > <tr> <td width="100%" align="center" colspan="" height="" bgcolor=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style=" BACKGROUND: #ffffff; RIGHT: 0px; TOP: 0px; left: 0px;POSITION: relative; HEIGHT: 32px;" > <tr> <td width="100%" align="left" colspan="2" height="30"></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="100%" colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" > <tr> <td align="center" valign="" width="100%"> <table width="96%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="search_kemu"> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="" width="100%" height="6"> <span class="word_title_v2_blue">        XML</span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" valign="" width="100%" height="10"></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" valign="" width="100%" height="1" bgcolor="#e4e4e4"></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" valign="" width="100%" height="6"></td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">        XML(eXtensible Markup Language,可扩展标记语言)实际上是Web上表示结构化信息的一种标准文本格式,同HTML一样,都来自SGML(Standard Generalized Markup Language,标准通用标记语言)。 </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_title_v2">                XML的特征 </span> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">               XML具有以下特征。 </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">               (1)XML是元标记语言。HTML定义了一套固定的标签,有其特定的含义。XML则允许用户自己定义所需的标签。 </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">               (2)XML描述的是结构和语义。XML标签描述的是文档的结构和意义,而不是页面元素的格式。 </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">               (3)XML文档的显示使用特有技术支持,如通过样式单为文档增加格式化信息。 </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_title_v2">                XML基本语法 </span> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">               一个正规的XML文档由3个部分组成,即一个可选的序言、文档的主体和可选的尾声。一个XML文档通常以一个XML声明开始,后面通过XML元素来组织数据。XML元素包括标签和字符数据。 </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">               下面是一份格式正规的XML文档: </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">               <a href="http://www.rkpass.cn/ruankao_work_version_0103/content_image/6/9787302505518_0232_0135.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="" width="164.58" height="94.9" src="http://www.rkpass.cn/ruankao_work_version_0103/content_image/6/9787302505518_0232_0135.jpg" /></a> </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">               可以看出,XML文档序言部分从文档的第一行开始,它可以包括XML声明、文档类型声明、处理指令等。文档的主体则是文档根元素所包含的那一部分。XML尾声部分在文档的末尾,它可以包含注释、处理指令或空白等。 </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_title_v2">                应用程序接口 </span> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">               XML文档本身是一个文本文件,在需要访问文档中的内容时,需要XML解析器进行语法验证和提取内容。两个著名的XML解析器的标准规范分别是W3C标准组织制定的文档对象模型(Document Object Model, DOM)和XML_DEV邮件列表成员定义的简单应用程序接口(Simple APIs for XML, SAX)。 </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">               XML程序接口框图如下图所示。 </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">               <a href="http://www.rkpass.cn/ruankao_work_version_0103/content_image/6/9787302505518_0233_0136.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="" width="180.44" height="77.74" src="http://www.rkpass.cn/ruankao_work_version_0103/content_image/6/9787302505518_0233_0136.jpg" /></a> </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">               XML程序接口框图 </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">               从上图中可以看出,应用程序不是直接对XML文档进行操作,而是首先由XML解析器对XML文档进行分析,然后应用程序通过XML解析器所提供的DOM接口或SAX接口对分析结果进行操作,从而实现对XML文档的访问。 </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">               1)文档对象模型 </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">               在应用程序中,基于DOM的XML解析器将一个XML文档转换成一棵DOM树,应用程序通过DOM树来实现对XML文档数据的操作。DOM API提供给用户的是一种随机访问机制。通过它,应用程序不仅可以在任意时刻访问XML文档中的任何数据,而且可以任意地插入、删除、修改和存储XML文档的内容。 </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">               DOM解析器所采用的树型结构思想与XML文档结构吻合,应用十分广泛,但是对机器性能的要求较高,实现效率不是十分理想。 </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">               2)简单应用程序接口 </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">               与DOM不同,SAX采用的是顺序访问模式,是一种快速读写XML数据的方式。当SAX解析器对XML文档进行分析时,会触发一系列事件,并激活相应的事件处理函数,应用程序通过这些事件函数实现对XML文档的访问。同DOM解析器相比,SAX实现简单,效率较高,但是缺乏灵活性,仅适用于访问XML数据,不适用于对文档进行更改的应用程序。 </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_title_v2">                XML文档的显示 </span> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">               由于XML中的标签许多是开发者自己定义的,主要用于说明文档所表述数据的内存结构关系,因此其显示格式需要特殊的机制来定义。层叠样式单(Cascading Style-Sheets, CSS)和扩展样式单语言(eXtensible Stylesheet Language, XSL)是W3C推荐的表达XML文档数据显示格式的两种标准。 </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">               1)层叠样式单 </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">               CSS最初主要应用于HTML,可以保证文档显示格式的一致性和较好的格式化。通过CSS可以产生如字体、颜色和位置等不同样式的显示格式信息。CSS可以存在于相应文档的页面中,也可以独立的文件形式存在。推荐使用独立的样式文件,以便于维护。CSS在功能上不如扩展样式单语言强大,但是开发相对容易。 </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">               2)扩展样式单语言 </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr > <td height=""> <table width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="100%" height="28"> <span class="word_content_v2">               扩展样式单语言遵守XML的语法规则,是XML的一种具体应用。XSL可以分为3个部分,即转换工具(XSLT)、格式对象(FO)和XML分级命令处理工具XPath。一个XML文档的显示过程是这样的:首先根据XML文档构造源树,然后根据给定的XSL将构造的源树转换为可以显示的结果树,最后按照FO解释结果树,产生一个可以在屏幕或其他媒体中输出的结果。 </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="" bgcolor="" width="100%" style=" " > <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" 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